Summer tomato fruit rust occurs when it is young, but it is generally not taken seriously. After the fruit matures, there is no rust on the rust, which forms a flower-like shape, which seriously affects the commerciality. mechanical injury The epidermis of tomato young fruit is susceptible to mechanical damage and rupture, that is, the cork is formed to form fruit rust. Such as the field of trusses, tied vines, pruning and playing, sparse flowers and fruit, flowers and fruit, fertilization, water harvesting, harvesting and other agricultural activities, are likely to cause mechanical damage, induced the formation of fruit rust. Pest hazard Pest hazard is an important factor causing fruit rust. The main pests that induce fruit rust formation in summer tomato production are hedgehog and thrips. 1 Hedgehog hedgehog type is more, the main cause of fruit rust is sassafras, also known as side multi-toe mites. The locust mites are small and difficult to find with the naked eye. The hedgehog gathers at the young fruit, sucks the fruit juice, and the skin epidermis ruptures and then corks at the wounded door, forming a dense yellow-brown bulge, that is, fruit rust. 2 The main fruit of the tomato is the western flower thrips of the genus Thrips. The four-flowered pheasant is small, and the adults and nymphs are harmful. When feeding, the young fruit epidermal tissue is first scraped, and then the juice is sucked, and the wound is corked to form a yellow-brown rust-like scar. Improper medication The improper use of pesticides in the growth period of tomato fruit, especially in the young fruit stage, can also induce the formation of fruit rust. For example, spraying copper preparation pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture, the water-soluble copper sulfate in the liquid solution invades the epidermal cells and stomata, and promotes the cork of epidermal cells and stomata to form fruit rust. The use of mercury-based pesticides such as omethoate (disabled), mercury in the liquid solution will affect the enzymatic reaction, which is not conducive to the formation of the stratum corneum of the peel, induced fruit rust. Field sullen The formation of tomato fruit rust is related to the field humidity during fruit development, especially in the young fruit stage. The field is clouded, the air humidity is high, and the surface moisture of the fruit is attached for a long time, which is not conducive to the formation of the cuticle of the epidermis, and it is easy to cause the epidermal tissue to fester. After the cork is formed, a large piece of fruit rust is formed. If the planting density is too large, the plant is not adjusted in time, and the plant length is long, it will cause the field to be depressed and induce the formation of fruit rust. Prevention and treatment Selection of suitable varieties The formation of fruit rust is related to the thickness of the stratum corneum on the surface of the fruit. The selection of varieties with thick peel and long shelf life can effectively reduce the occurrence of fruit rust in summer tomato. For example, the new variety cultivar Zhongzai 105, which was bred by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the new variety of hard powder No. 8 bred by Beijing Jingyan Yinong Technology Development Center. Artificial bagging Fruit bagging can effectively avoid or reduce the mechanical damage of the fruit, reduce the pollution of pesticides such as copper preparations and mercury preparations, and at the same time facilitate the thickening of the stratum corneum of the peel, so it can greatly reduce the incidence of fruit rust. 1 The quality of the fruit bag is improved by using imported bags and good quality domestic bags to prevent fruit rust, and the incidence of fruit rust is low. The use of poor quality small workshop bags is conducive to the formation of fruit rust. The bagging time of 2 sets of bags is also closely related to the prevention effect of fruit rust. Generally, about 15 days after flowering, the size of the fruit glass ball (2 cm in diameter) can be bagged. When the bag is operated, the bag should be fully opened to make the venting and draining holes of the bag fully open, so as to eliminate the moisture in the bag and reduce the temperature inside the bag. Otherwise, it is easy to induce fruit rust. The mouth of the bag should be sealed to prevent rain, dew and syrup from entering the bag, accumulating in the recess of the fruit handle, and forming dense fruit rust at the shoulder of the fruit handle. 4 sets of pre-medication fruit before fruit setting to bagging, the type of application also directly affects the occurrence of fruit rust. Spraying pesticides such as methyl thiophanate, carbendazim, and rust-proof spirit can achieve rust-preventing effects in addition to disease prevention and treatment. Spraying irritating drugs such as emulsions, synergists, spreading agents, or application concentrations is too high, which may lead to the formation of fruit rust. Agricultural control 1 Reasonable close planting, high ridge planting Summer tomato growth period is the rainy season, should be properly planted to prevent field depression, unlimited growth type of no more than 3,500 plants per 667 square meters. The planting method should be planted with high ridges, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission in the field and reduces the humidity in the field. 2 truss vines, pruning and smashing should be framed in time to ensure that the plants grow upright and prevent lodging. Summer tomato adopts single-stalk pruning and main stem results, and the side branches on the main stem should be removed in time to prevent depression. 3 Fine operation, prevention of damage When carrying out various farming operations such as scaffolding, tying vines, pruning, smashing, flowering and fruit-saving, fertilizing and watering, harvesting, etc., pay attention to lightness and skill. Do not touch the young fruit in the spraying equipment to prevent damage to the epidermal tissue of the fruit and induce the formation of fruit rust. Control pests 1 Prevention and control of the young fruit of the hedgehog is an important period for the hazard of the hedgehog. It should be prevented in time before bagging after fruit setting. It can be sprayed with 1.8% red and white 3,000 times solution, 73% ketone emulsion 1500 times solution or avite powder 800 times solution, focusing on spraying young fruit, growing point, back of young leaves and so on. After the tomato is pulled, the litter is cleaned in time, the weeds at the edge of the field are removed, and the number of insects is reduced. 2 The prevention and control of the Hummer seedling bed should be separated from the Daejeon production area by a certain distance. The seedling bed should be treated before planting to reduce the damage of the field. After planting, the field hangs blue and yellow sticky insect boards to trap the adult cockroach, and hangs 20 to 25 pieces per 667 square meters (one acre), and the hanging height is 1.5 to 1.8 meters. Before the tomato is planted, the weeds in the field will be removed in time, and the plant residues will be cleaned in time to reduce the insect source. Spray the medicine in time before the bag is bagged. 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution, 2.5% vegetable suspension suspension 1000 times solution or 20% Kangfuduo solvent 2000 times solution can be used. Alternate use, once every 7 to 10 days, even spray 2 times. Guangzhou Zhongzhinan Supply Chain Co.,Ltd. , https://www.gzzhongzhinan.com
